Wowen in australia during the 20s and 30s

If you order your essay from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on wowen in australia during the 20s and 30s. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality wowen in australia during the 20s and 30s paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in wowen in australia during the 20s and 30s, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your wowen in australia during the 20s and 30s paper at affordable prices!

"A young lady's role is to be a fit wife to her husband. She must give herself completely to him. She must always be presentable and modest, pretty and pure. She has to be able to cook, sew, clean and look after his children. She has to manage on what money he gives her and not complain. She is the height of purity and goodness."

The role of the wife and mother of the 10s and 10s is very different from how it is today. Back then women were only used to serve men. They were used to cook, sew, clean and look after their children. They had no say in society. All they said and thought didn't matter at all. But since time has gone by, things have changed.

Since suffragists, feminists, and the whole Women's Liberation Movement, women have become more equal to men. Both world war one and world war two have changed women's ideas of what they were capable of achieving and doing. The suffragist movement had made women aware of their lack of protection under the law. Many suffragists were shocked when they realised that their husbands had sole rights over the custody of their children. At one stage, if a woman left her husband, all she was allowed to take with her was her marriage certificate and her sewing machine.

What became obvious in the years of the 140s was that women could do what was regarded as 'men's work' as good as the men but those women who were forced to work to provide for themselves had very little protection under the law in the workplace and were given poor conditions and low wages.

Buy custom wowen in australia during the 20s and 30s term paper

Back in the 10s and 10s women weren't meant to even have jobs. They were meant to stay home, and be housewives, but as time passes, morals change.

Source One Land Many Stories, Pyne, Bowe, Connolly. Longman Publishing, 001.

Please note that this sample paper on wowen in australia during the 20s and 30s is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on wowen in australia during the 20s and 30s, we are here to assist you. Your essay on wowen in australia during the 20s and 30s will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

The Patriot

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on The Patriot. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality The Patriot paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in The Patriot, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your The Patriot paper at affordable prices!

The Patriot Historical Accuracy

The Patriot is a fictional piece with the timeframe and events of the American Revolution, with a few exceptions. As suggested in the title, there are obvious biases in favour of the United States right from the beginning. Th

1) The brutality of the British regulars is, in the worlds of star Mel Gibson, 'juiced up' for dramatic effect. In one scene, the British regulars murder wounded American POWs; in another, they order the execution of a colonial soldier captured in uniform. In fact, such war crimes by regular troops rarely happened. Spies and traitors, such as Nathan Hale (American) and Major John Andre (British), were hanged, and irregular militias, terrorist bands allied to both sides and Indian proxies certainly carried out some horrific atrocities. But regular troops on both sides almost universally observed the law of war that distinctions should be made between the former categories and uniformed combatants.

In the most bizarre scene, the people an entire town are locked in a church, which is then set on fire. This mimics a notorious Nazi war crime, when 64 peple were massacred in the French village of Oradour sur Glane in June 144, but no such incident took place in the American Revolution. As historian Thomas Fleming puts it 'Of course it never happened. If it had do you think Americans would have forgotten it? It could have kept us out of World War I.'

Order Custom The Patriot paper

) The film gives the impression that the conflict was a straight fight between British troops and colonials only one colonist is shown fighting for the British, and regarded as an oddity by Tavington. However in reality, about a third of the colonists were rebels, a third were loyal to the British Crown and a third were neutral. Thus the Revolution was much more like a civil war, with communities and even families split between 'patriots' and 'loyalists'.

) Similarly, The Patriot tends to exaggerate the degree to which a unified 'American' identity had been forged in the 1770s. For instance, the colonials all sound like modern Americans, wheras in truth there would have been a wide range of European tongues and accents being spoken. Similarly the American flag with the circle of stars would not have been used in battle at that time, but is flown in the film to give greater dramatic impact.

4) The declaraction by George Washington that slaves who fight for the Continental cause will earn their freedom is fictional.

5) The film-makers enlisted the help of the Smithsonian Institute to ensure the movie was free from anachronism in terms of military chronology, weapons used and costumes worn. However, certain changes were made for dramatic reasons. In battle sequences, the colours of uniforms have been altered to make it clearer to the audience which side is which. (According to the Smithsonian's Bobby Moss, often the only way to distinguish between Loyalist and Patriot soldiers was what they wore in their caps the loyalists had pine twigs and the Patriots white paper). Similarly, the soldiers led by Tavington, the Green Dragoons, wore (as their name would suggest) green in real life, but in the film they are given red coats to align them in the audience's mind with the rest of the British army.

Another change that may infuriate purists is the merging of two important 1781 battles Cowpens and Guildford Courthouse into one. However, both battles were similar, in that local militia fought alongside the continental army to help turn the tide against the British in South Carolina.

The cannons used in the final battle scene are lb guns. These werent used in the field - the correct gun should have been the smaller 6lb gun. But, at the end of the day, the director wanted bigger bangs.

It is also worth mentioning that some of the characters are 'based on' real-life American Revolution combatants.

- Tavington is based on the historical figure Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton, who was renowned for the violence and brutality he inflicted on his enemies. The phrase 'Tarleton's quarter' was coined to refer to his practice of ordering the execution of defeated combatants even after they had put down their weapons and waved the white flag. He continued his reign of terror until Cornwallis surrended at Yorktown in 1781, after which he became MP for Liverpool and lived to the age of 78.

- According to screenwriter Robert Rodat, the character of Benjamin Martin is a composite of several heroes of the American Revolution, including Thomas Sumter, Andrew Pickens, Daniel Morgan, Elijah Clark and Francis Marion. Martin's ghostlike elusiveness is particularly reminiscent of the so-called 'Swamp Fox' Francis Marion, who would attack then 'disappear' into marshland. His effective guerrilla campaign recalls Thomas Sumter, whose harrassment cut off British supplies. And he also represents Daniel Morgan, whose force of light infantry, riflemen, regular troops and militia leads the crucial victory at Cowpens.

- Villeneuve is partially based on the young French fighter the Marquis de Lafayette, who rose through the ranks of the Continental Army to become Washington's protg.

- Colonel Burnel is loosely based on Colonel 'Lighthorse' Harry Lee (although unlike actor Chris Cooper, Lee was just 1 when he fought in the Revolution

Please note that this sample paper on The Patriot is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The Patriot, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on The Patriot will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Automobile industry in china

If you order your cheap custom essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on automobile industry in china. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality automobile industry in china paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in automobile industry in china, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your automobile industry in china paper at affordable prices with cheap essay writing service!

50 Factors Affecting Chinese Automobile Market

According to international convention, when a nations average GDP per head stands at US$ 1,000 - 10,000, it represents a golden age for the nations automobile industry. By 001, Chinas GDP per capita is estimated to exceed US$ 1,000. However, the automobile industry remains bedeviled by sluggish growth. Why?

GDP growth rate affects the automobile market. Every one percent of GDP growth enlarges the automobile market by 1- percent. GDP increase or decrease has a critical influence on the development of the automobile market.

Foreign exchange reserve and export allow China to pay for its petrol, raw materials and components. China has discovered large oilfields in coastal and inland areas. These must cover the increasing demands of the automobile market.

Write my Essay on automobile industry in china cheap

China boasts 1. million kilometers of road and 14 million vehicles. That means average road per vehicle is 0 meters. However, there are also 00 million bicycles, 0 million motorcycles, 15 million agriculture vehicles, 1 million tractors and 10 million horse-drawn carts. More road construction is imminent. If China completes a highway network radiating in all directions, people will alter their means of transportation.

Recent tax reforms have increased incomes, strengthening the purchasing power of government organizations and work units.

The booming economy will spur enterprise prosperity. Consequently, the number of automobiles will increase. Enterprises do not own many automobiles. The business vehicle market has potential.

With the increasing living conditions of the Chinese people, their demands to lease automobiles will also increase. Leasing accounts will keep developing.

Along with the expanding national economy, more raw materials and parts will be made in China, reducing costs and sales prices of the automobile.

The development of the individual economy will bring out more individual automobile purchases.

The central areas of China, including Hubei, Chongqing, Henan, Shanxi, are the largest automobile markets.

Highly - developed small cities have less traffic jams. The rate of automobile per capita will be higher there than in the clogged big cities. Automobile makers are watching this.

According to the economic convention, GDP per capita has a functional relationship with the number of automobiles owned per thousand people, and directly affects the scale of the market. Compared to other nations of the same GDP per capita as China, China¡¯s number of automobiles owned per thousand peoples is lower. China has the potential. However, automobile policies tend to restrict that potential.

Automobile Management Regulations will be enacted in 001, which standardized auto production, sales, purchase and scarp. The cancellation of compulsory scrapping regulations will have a positive effect on the family automobile market.

Fuel tax will be replaced by road tolls. Taxis, public and business vehicle owners will pay one to four times more through the toll system, restraining market growth. But family automobiles will enjoy a comparative advantage. There will thus be more individual automobile purchases.

A new automobile distribution system for government officials will stimulate sales of luxury automobiles like Shanghai Buick and Red Flag. It will reduce the number of economy, reduced-exhaust automobiles.

Accession to WTO will urge domestic automobile makers to improve management, enhance quality and productivity, speed up technical progress, and make the best use of domestically resources.

China has stardet car credit. But as no property certificate goes with an automobile, the loans do not work well. Second, as with the whole society, banks don¡¯t have an effective credit evaluation system for their customers, resulting in a complicated procedure fore purchasing automobiles. Third, Chinese people haven¡¯t got used to the idea of indebtedness. Customer credit can¡¯t produce instant results. Nevertheless, as all these glitches are addressed, more people will try to pay for automobiles by installment.

The neglect of public transport will encourage people to purchase other vehicles.

Road and bridge tolls hurt the automobile market. With Road Amendment Regulations pending, future reforms of road or bridge construction will promote the market.

Business automobile market reforms including regulation of chauffeurs, requiring vehicles be fixed in designation repair shops and restricted petrol allowances will slow growth. The cancellation of certain automobile allowances for cadres will not stimulate the individual automobile market.

Local protection policies will break up the automobile market, and tend to protect backwardness. Contradictions among the local governments and among the enterprises will become strained. Local protectionism is lately intensifying.

The construction of new roads and reconstruction of satellite cities will greatly influence purchasing by urban residents, taxi drivers, government and enterprises.

Cracking down on the smuggling of automobiles and illegally assembled automobiles will guarantee the lion¡¯s share of the Chinese automobile market to the domestic automobile industry.

Stopping random fees on automobile purchase and use will dispel consumer concerns about the unlimited expenditures related to automobile ownership.

Increasing numbers of laid ¨C off and unemployed and an unsound labor insurance system make people¡¯s sense of security decline. People would rather save their money. Consumption and demand develop slowly in China.

Control of the automobile market results from two factors city governments cannot improve road construction, but must also guarantee the speed off their officials automobiles.

Regulation of automobile exhausts increases the price of automobiles.

Although the price of the domestic automobile is cheaper, technology lags behind foreign automobiles, especially safety.

In bid cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, the number of taxis is reaching saturation point, while small cities, especially in West China, are still hungry. As average income is not very high, the taxi market is mainly dominated by low-grade cars. However, with the improving standards of living, the grade of taxi will also improve.

In the purchasing priorities of most Chinese people, a car comes behind a house. The cost of a house is so exorbitant, most families cannot afford it. Thus, their car purchases are also postponed.

The improvement of secondary car policy will change people¡¯s ideas. Low-income groups may consider buying a second-hand car, and rich people can enjoy limousines if they want.

The local traffic situation plays an important role in the development of the local automobile market. The limits on expressway use of small cars will effect sales of some types of car.

The construction of parking lots cannot be ignored. Sparse parking lots and high charges definitely squeeze the local automobile market.

The amazing high tax on imported cars still exists, which stops the healthy growth of China¡¯s automobile market.

Defying the international regulations, all the imported vehicles in China are charged 10 percent of its price as taxation, and there is no preferential policy for business cars. However, the bulk of the money goes toward traffic management rather than road construction. If charges for traffic management and other extra fees continue unchecked, the development of the automobile industry and transportation will not gain momentum.

If the RMB devalues, the price of import cars will increase. That assists domestic automobiles in occupying the native market, as well as boosting exports.

People still await a coherent and transparent automobile taxation system.

Japan develops its automobile industry by constantly renewing its mini-car market. As a developing country, China is bothered by the overloaded population and poor road conditions. The enlargement of the mini-car market will stimulate the whole automobile market, even the national economy.

State and local governments are still fare from realizing the automobile market boom will bring more opportunities. In developed countries, one seventh of the population earns their living in the automobile sector.

Competition among local automobile manufactures drives down prices. This drives the market, but not decisively.

The quality of local cars improves.

Technology should be improved, but not all technology fits national conditions.

Local manufactures should foster self-help, designing products with parts they can produce by themselve and localizing products from the very beginning.

Production should relate to customer orders. Delivery should never be delayed.

Self-policy and strategy need to be thought out by manufactures.

Advertising plays an important role in improving corporate image. Branding is the key to boosting sales.

Chinese people have the habit of hiding their wealth. In developing countries, owning a car is the ultimate status symbol. Most private cars belong to the rich. Buying a car is an announcement of affluence. Rich people themselves are waiting for the car to become as popular as TV or refrigerator.

Owning a car is especially popular among young men in their 0s and 0s. In a few years, these people will grasp any chance.

Mini and economy cars will one day dominate the automobile market.

Government regulations and competition among taxi drive down fares. Some people prefer a taxi ride to driving their own car.

Chinese people are accustomed to spending time to save money, instead of spending money to save time. As the economy develops, the rhythm of life will speed up. The car will finally replace the bicycle.

Please note that this sample paper on automobile industry in china is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on automobile industry in china, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on automobile industry in china will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from cheap essay writing service and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Changes in Ovid's "Metamorpheses"

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Changes in Ovid's "Metamorpheses". What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Changes in Ovid's "Metamorpheses" paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Changes in Ovid's "Metamorpheses", therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Changes in Ovid's "Metamorpheses" paper at affordable prices!

Ovid's Metamorpheses is composed of a variety of tales in which the characters undergo diverse changes, both emotionally and physically. In book one, Daphne suddenly wants nothing to do with Apollo as he chases her out of love, and she then turns into an oak tree. Jove is transformed into a mighty bull in book two, and Europa becomes fearless.

"...Apollo...at once...loved And she (Daphne) at once fled from the name of the lover..." (Ovid 17 47-474). This quote depicts Cupid shooting Apollo with a sharp arrow, causing him to fall madly in love with Daphne, as she is hit with a dull arrow which makes her want to flee from him. Their feelings change by the strike of an arrow, an obvious emotional alteration that they undergo in the story. When the chase ends after Daphne pleas to her father river to be saved, "...her hair was leaves, Her arms were branches, and her speedy feet Rooted..." (Ovid 1-1 550-55). After this material transformation, Apollo remains in love with the tree that he claims as his own.

"...the great father...took upon himself the form of a bull..." (Ovid 55 46-51). Followed by this dramatic alteration of Jove, the king's daughter "...Loses all fear...and she grows bolder." (Ovid 55 867-868). Europa, the daughter, touches the muscular bull and then rides off with him, as a new person since becoming more courageous.

The apparent changes taking place in each story are physical as seen when Daphne is left standing as a tree and Jove rides off in the form of a bull. The characters also undergo alterations in their feelings, as Apollo becomes love crazed, Daphne feels scared of Apollo, and Europa loses all fear. These examples reflect Ovid's style in writing this particular story where he has several characters undergo constant modifications.

Please note that this sample paper on Changes in Ovid's "Metamorpheses" is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Changes in Ovid's "Metamorpheses", we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Changes in Ovid's "Metamorpheses" will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from Live Paper Help

and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Glass Menagerie Paper

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Glass Menagerie Paper. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Glass Menagerie Paper paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Glass Menagerie Paper, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Glass Menagerie Paper paper at affordable prices!

Often times when people have a hard time dealing with reality they resort into a sense of illusion, such as day dreaming. This is seen when evaluating the dominant theme in The Glass Menagerie-the difficulty people have in accepting and relating to reality. As a result of their inability to overcome this difficulty, every major character in Tennessee Williams' play "The Glass Menagerie" withdraw into a private world of illusion and fantasy to find the comfort they can't find in real life.

Out of the major characters in the play Laura is probably the one most detached from reality. There are several symbols in the play that represent this fact. First of all Laura has a glass collection that she carefully takes care of, and in a sense plays with. Given her age, this act is very odd, and not acceptable. Her glass menagerie is an example of the imaginary world she lives in to escape her real life where she has many problems. Laura's real problems include being cripple, not finishing high school, dropping out of her typing class and not telling her mother, and lastly disappointing her mother by not having any "gentlemen callers". Another strong symbol of Laura's obsession with fantasy is the nickname that Jim gave her in high school, "Blue Roses". Blue roses do not exist in nature, and are therefore an illusion. Laura's obsession with this nickname again shows her distance from reality. Everytime Laura tries to step out of her imaginary world and into the real world something trips her up. For example, when Amanda sends Laura to the store and she trips while going down the fire escape that symbolizes a way for the inside world to get into Laura's imaginary life. Lastly, Laura's favorite figurine in her glass menagerie is that of a unicorn, an animal that does not really exist except for in fantasies. Additionally, Laura sees herself as a type of unicorn, something different from the majority. When Jim and Laura dance they knock over the unicorn, causing the horn to break off symbolizing that when Laura gets closer to reality she breaks. After Jim tells her he is engaged, she is no longer getting nearer to reality, but rather is broken hearted and gives him the broken unicorn, symbolic of how he has broken her heart. Laura is fragile, and is safer in her world of fantasy. Tom is similar and at the same time similar to Laura.

At the beginning of the play the reader is given the impression that Tom is the only one in the Wingfield family who is capable of functioning in the real world. Tom interacts with strangers, and has a job out in the real world in order to finance his mother, sister, and himself. However, Tom also withdraws into his illusions to escape from the never-ending arguments and disagreements he has with his mother. Also, Tom is frustrated about his boring and, what he considers, meaningless life. During the play, Tom often times says he spends his late night at the movies. His obsession with movies represents his attempt to escape reality and disappear into a fantasy world. Additionally, Tom's attempt to dodge reality and escape into a illusion is seen when Tom hides out on the fire escape. Tom sees the fire escape as a way out. While Laura overall is content with her imaginary life, Tom isn't and wants out. Tom always makes jokes about his dad, and how he fell in love with long distances. This is his attempt to ease the pain of abandonment by turning it into something humorous. It is clear that what Tom resents most about his father is

exactly what Tom himself will carry out in the end, an escape from the Wingfield's demented world of illusion. Through his father, Tom has seen that an escape is possible, and though he is hesitant to leave his sister and even his mother behind, he is being driven to go through with it.

Order custom research paper on Glass Menagerie Paper

Mr. Wingfield, the father of Tom and Laura, and Amanda's husband, is referred to often throughout the story. He is the ultimate symbol of escape from the fantasy world of the Wingfield household, and an illusion of freedom. This is because he has managed to remove himself from the desperate situation that the rest of his family is still living in. His picture still hangs on the wall as a constant reminder of better times and days gone by. Amanda always makes rude remarks about her missing husband, yet lets his picture remain, showing she is stuck in the past. The portrait of Mr. Wingfield still hanging in the house is an example of Amanda, being stuck in the past, and living in a world of illusion. Additionally, Amanda asks Laura everyday how many gentlemen callers she will be expecting that evening, even though she should know that Laura never is expecting any. This repetitive act is another example of Amanda's world of illusion. Furthermore, even after Tom tells her that his co-worker Jim is not coming over to call on Laura, but rather just eat dinner with the Wingfield's Amanda insists that Jim is Laura's first gentlemen caller.

Though each character has their own form of illusions and a fantasy world they all escape due to their inability to deal with the problems that they are confronted with in their real life. Tom, unlike Amanda and Laura, was discontented with his situation and escaped, leaving Amanda and Laura behind in their fantasy world.

Please note that this sample paper on Glass Menagerie Paper is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Glass Menagerie Paper, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Glass Menagerie Paper will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Food for Revolutionary Thought

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Food for Revolutionary Thought. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Food for Revolutionary Thought paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Food for Revolutionary Thought, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Food for Revolutionary Thought paper at affordable prices!

Government censorship of certain widely transmitted public opinions has an important role in the history of many countries. What the masses believe, what we trust in and into whose hands we wish to place our own survival; these components are the most important to the mechanics of revolutionary change. My definition of revolutionary will remain broad for these purposes, encompassing everything from civil disobedience and general criticism of authority, all the way up to the gates of the Bastille. The French Revolution especially is a prime example of the evolution of public opinion and the intellectual origins of one of the Western World's most remarkable regime changes.

An interesting work titled The Forbidden Best-Sellers of Pre-Revolutionary France, by Robert Darnton, contains a mountain of theses, most of which are supported by some of the most intriguing research of an illegal trade that I have ever read. One of Darnton's most ambitious conclusions has to do with this role of public opinion, and whether clandestine publications called livres philosophiques could have generated or indeed only reflected certain widespread opinions of the 18th century French population. This warning, which surfaced in the form of a correspondence between a sub-delegate and the authorities, shows the strong belief that forbidden books were being taken seriously by readers "Reading these bad books produces a disturbed spirit among the citizens and provokes them constantly to shake the yoke of submission, of obedience, and of respect" ().

Darnton urges his readers to look past the literature of well-known greats, Voltaire and Rousseau, and to recognize that the more widely read publications were often the less literary libelles and chroniques scandaleuses, which resemble more our modern-day tabloids. His conclusions about these best-sellers seem reasonable considering the arguments against him, which he brings up throughout his work in answer to some of his more confident assertions. For example, he concedes once or twice that it is truly impossible to know what people were really thinking two centuries ago. With this in mind, his arguments take on the form of speculations, which are, nonetheless, convincing because of the holistic approach he consistently takes. He treats the revolution as it should be treated; like a gradual dissention that took centuries to promulgate until it finally burst, a bottle of seltzer aimed directly at the establishment of the weakened monarchy and the self-perpetuating nobles.

The accomplishments of the Enlightenment were substantial. Many of the sources shown in Darnton's analysis are records of the amount of effort invested by the government in the stifling of the underground print industry and the degree to which its subjects were discussed. Even the authorities found it hard to cope with its suppression, like C.-G. de Lamoignon de Malesherbes who refuses to do it completely for these reasons "A man who had read only books that originally appeared with the formal approval of the government," he wrote, "would be behind his contemporaries by nearly a century" (Intro. xix). Police records, overheard conversations in cafes, bookseller records, demands for philosophical books, all point towards the definite importance of clandestine publications and their unheard of popularity. The World History textbooks used for this series this year outline public opinion as a major influence on various steps of the French Revolution. A metaphor is given for the role public opinion played in the decades before, during, and after the fall of the Old Regime "Like the movement of a clock pendulum, the revolution passed through various stages, becoming more extreme and reaching the high tide of radicalism in 17-4, before a revulsion in public opinion led to the return of moderate rule" (506).

Order custom research paper on Food for Revolutionary Thought

This statement shows that public opinion was not at the whim of anyone, because anyone with enough money for paper could make their ideas known to a broad base of readers, especially within the urban centers. Without a form of mass media, such as television or the printing press, public opinions that are at odds with orthodoxy remain relatively isolated and more easily suppressed; this is why media, specifically the print industry, opened the floodgates of revolutionary thought in 18th century France. Another assertion of Darnton's is that even the worst smut and libel can etch away at orthodox thinking and in some measure perpetuate public opinions.

The scientific crusades of Copernicus, Galileo and Newton provide other excellent examples of shifts in public opinion. Though all three published their work with a select readership in mind, their impact on the basic beliefs of people concerning their surroundings is apparent in the wide spread diffusion of their discoveries and their eventual acceptance as the European status quo. As popular beliefs changed, trials of scientific advancers ceased and the scientific method became an accepted way of thought, applicable in the social, political and philosophical realms. Though a much more subtle and gradual formula, this process is nevertheless dubbed the "Scientific Revolution."

What begins as a general distrust of a government often evolves into the widespread wish for reform. Until a government oversteps certain bounds with its citizens, it will have little or no opposition. But ideological control, the censorship of books being a prime example, often spurs a movement to shake off this oppression and return public opinion to the people. We have seen this pattern not only in pre-revolutionary France, but also in the equally drastic regime change in England not a century earlier, throughout most of Europe with the idea of heresy in the Roman Catholic Church, and in the form of institutionalized censors in Beijing. It is historically rare for dissent to morph into full-scale revolution, but it is equally as rare that governments remain the same far past the point when public opinion is against them.

In England, the targets were the same as for the rest of the Enlightenment absolutism in the monarchy, superstitions in the church and inequalities perpetuated by the aristocracy. The ideological control emanated from the highly powerful and well-landed Church. Members of the clergy were obligated to root out heresy, an abstract notion of disobedience or lack of faith in the Church. This notion carried over into all parts of Europe, making it an effective means of control. A huge difference between England and France at this time was their freedom of press, England had it, and France did not. Publications from Locke, Newton, and Smith had wide readership and their publishers were could not be imprisoned for the perpetuation of this trade, so the oppression of orthodoxy was not as painfully felt because of certain freedoms they were never denied.

This sets the situation in France apart from the censorship in the Chinese bureaucracy as well. Though censors stationed in the capital caused many irrelevant and biased challenges to be placed in the path of innovators, this was not a form of ideological control. Their duties were confined to the inspection of changes in traditionalized practices, which left the more personal aspects of the innovator's beliefs and philosophy out of the picture. What finally distinguishes France and its full-scale revolution from these other historical examples is the overwhelming fiscal deficit of the country and the governments' almost complete inability to support the people. The monarchy and its supporters were as diverse in their interests as the people, and on the eve of the French Revolution, this effectively pulled the country to pieces.

Returning to the Enlightenment in France, this new way of seeing the world, as mechanical, rational, and inherently flawed, was a literal enlightenment in terms of impact on the minds of average citizens. Superstition and blind obedience no longer reigned supreme and laws concerning censorship and heresy were continually ignored. Though censorship of press remained in 18th century France, while neighboring countries enjoyed more freedom, the importance of what was being published caused the laws to be broken diligently and under great demand. In reality, censorship backfired for the Old Regime, and the harsh penalties turned into nothing more than reassurance for the masses that the orthodoxy was truly feeling threatened. With the help of Darnton's speculations, and aided by the patterns of public opinion that are still in effect today, we get a clear illustration of the shift in power that occurs when individuals realize that they are a part of something huge, a movement that has the strength to instigate change all the way up through the highest powers.

Reading through Darnton's research, through the seemingly endless records, pamphlets and correspondences, a vein of unchecked hope is most apparent to me. To a writer living in a country just screaming for reform, it is reassuring to see that the legacy of unorthodox publication and strong political opinion is a long one, full to the brim with tangible results. In a stirring article written by Louis-Sebastien Mercier in his Tableau de Paris, reproduced by Darnton on page 6 of his book, the unfailing reason of the masses is upheld, though we are constantly bombarded by the stiflingly orthodox and the violently profane in media;

"An excessive libelle is revolting…and undercuts itself by its own violence. But if it is more moderate, it sometimes counterbalances an excessive concentration of power; it goes beyond the limits of decency in the same way as the authorities abuse their power. It was often provoked by insolent little despots, and the public perceives the truth between two extremes."

Please note that this sample paper on Food for Revolutionary Thought is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Food for Revolutionary Thought, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Food for Revolutionary Thought will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

King lear

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on king lear. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality king lear paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in king lear, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your king lear paper at affordable prices!

0th Century Critical Readings of King Lear

A. C. Bradley (105)

· About characters and their motivation

· Individual suffers as he comes to terms with his own human character

Order custom research paper on king lear

& failings

G. Wilson Knight (10)

· Gods torment man for no reason but to cause pain

· Comically absurd cruelty (violence for its own sake)

Cultural materialists

· Concerned with institutions and power (power structures)

· Recognises importance of gender and race relations, but are less

concerned with it

Marxist reading

· Relate covert & overt content to Marxist themes class struggle,

progression of society through stages

· about falling and rising classes

· Relate work to social class status of author (who may be unaware of

what s/he says)

· Talk about literary structures in terms of socio-political order

New Historicism

· We only know the past through the present (compare power relations,

social values between then and now)

· Try to detach text from previous literature (involves parallel reading of

literary & non-literary texts, equally weighting them)

· Individual constrained & affected by social & ideological structures

(rank, class, occupation, education)

· Personal identity is a social construction

· Impact of authors relation to audience & personal beliefs on text

Feminist reading

· Focuses on absence of female voice (patriarchal society) &

subordination to males

· Challenge representation of women in text by male & female authors as

other, lack, or part of nature

· Ironically strong female characters

· Play reinforces prejudices against women (Goneril & Regan embody

fears of society towards women)

· Sympathies in play all towards male characters

· Male anxiety (Lear goes mad when he realises his dependence on his

daughters, admits feminine side with crying in the end - Shakespeare

explores feminine potential in males)

Structuralism

· Relates texts to genre, intertextual connections, underlying narrative

structure

· Interpret literature in terms of underlying parallels with structures of

language

· Treat objects as systems of signs, with systematic patterning &

structuring

· Focus on parallels, balances, repetitions, symmetry, contrasts, patterns

· In order to show textual coherence & unity

· Eg. Binary oppositions and contrasts in Lear

Psychoanalytical reading

· Central importance to conscious and unconscious mind (overt & covert

content), disentangle the two and show covert as true textual meaning

· Pay close attention to unconscious motives of author & characters

· Demonstrate presence of classic psychoanalytical symptoms, conditions

or phases, including emotional & sexual development

· Find a psychic context for a literary work rather than social & historical

approaches

Post-structuralism

· Look for textual disunity, contradiction, paradox

· Make similarities in sounds, roots of words, and less significant

metaphors, crucial to the overall text meaning

· Concentrate on single passages (out of context) and take language into

multiple meanings

· Look for shifts and breaks in tone, tense, viewpoint, time, and attitude;

absences, conflicts and linguistic quirks

Modernism

· Use of montage, stream of consciousness and such fragmentary &

reflexive techniques

· High art / elitist view of culture, focuses on literary medium

Post-modernist

· Usually not purely literary text

· Open use of intertextuality, montage, multiple viewpoints

Joel Nothman

iamhere@jnothman.cjb.net

www.jnothman.cjb.net

www.hscstuff.cjb.net

Please note that this sample paper on king lear is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on king lear, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on king lear will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!