Automobile industry in china

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50 Factors Affecting Chinese Automobile Market

According to international convention, when a nations average GDP per head stands at US$ 1,000 - 10,000, it represents a golden age for the nations automobile industry. By 001, Chinas GDP per capita is estimated to exceed US$ 1,000. However, the automobile industry remains bedeviled by sluggish growth. Why?

GDP growth rate affects the automobile market. Every one percent of GDP growth enlarges the automobile market by 1- percent. GDP increase or decrease has a critical influence on the development of the automobile market.

Foreign exchange reserve and export allow China to pay for its petrol, raw materials and components. China has discovered large oilfields in coastal and inland areas. These must cover the increasing demands of the automobile market.

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China boasts 1. million kilometers of road and 14 million vehicles. That means average road per vehicle is 0 meters. However, there are also 00 million bicycles, 0 million motorcycles, 15 million agriculture vehicles, 1 million tractors and 10 million horse-drawn carts. More road construction is imminent. If China completes a highway network radiating in all directions, people will alter their means of transportation.

Recent tax reforms have increased incomes, strengthening the purchasing power of government organizations and work units.

The booming economy will spur enterprise prosperity. Consequently, the number of automobiles will increase. Enterprises do not own many automobiles. The business vehicle market has potential.

With the increasing living conditions of the Chinese people, their demands to lease automobiles will also increase. Leasing accounts will keep developing.

Along with the expanding national economy, more raw materials and parts will be made in China, reducing costs and sales prices of the automobile.

The development of the individual economy will bring out more individual automobile purchases.

The central areas of China, including Hubei, Chongqing, Henan, Shanxi, are the largest automobile markets.

Highly - developed small cities have less traffic jams. The rate of automobile per capita will be higher there than in the clogged big cities. Automobile makers are watching this.

According to the economic convention, GDP per capita has a functional relationship with the number of automobiles owned per thousand people, and directly affects the scale of the market. Compared to other nations of the same GDP per capita as China, China¡¯s number of automobiles owned per thousand peoples is lower. China has the potential. However, automobile policies tend to restrict that potential.

Automobile Management Regulations will be enacted in 001, which standardized auto production, sales, purchase and scarp. The cancellation of compulsory scrapping regulations will have a positive effect on the family automobile market.

Fuel tax will be replaced by road tolls. Taxis, public and business vehicle owners will pay one to four times more through the toll system, restraining market growth. But family automobiles will enjoy a comparative advantage. There will thus be more individual automobile purchases.

A new automobile distribution system for government officials will stimulate sales of luxury automobiles like Shanghai Buick and Red Flag. It will reduce the number of economy, reduced-exhaust automobiles.

Accession to WTO will urge domestic automobile makers to improve management, enhance quality and productivity, speed up technical progress, and make the best use of domestically resources.

China has stardet car credit. But as no property certificate goes with an automobile, the loans do not work well. Second, as with the whole society, banks don¡¯t have an effective credit evaluation system for their customers, resulting in a complicated procedure fore purchasing automobiles. Third, Chinese people haven¡¯t got used to the idea of indebtedness. Customer credit can¡¯t produce instant results. Nevertheless, as all these glitches are addressed, more people will try to pay for automobiles by installment.

The neglect of public transport will encourage people to purchase other vehicles.

Road and bridge tolls hurt the automobile market. With Road Amendment Regulations pending, future reforms of road or bridge construction will promote the market.

Business automobile market reforms including regulation of chauffeurs, requiring vehicles be fixed in designation repair shops and restricted petrol allowances will slow growth. The cancellation of certain automobile allowances for cadres will not stimulate the individual automobile market.

Local protection policies will break up the automobile market, and tend to protect backwardness. Contradictions among the local governments and among the enterprises will become strained. Local protectionism is lately intensifying.

The construction of new roads and reconstruction of satellite cities will greatly influence purchasing by urban residents, taxi drivers, government and enterprises.

Cracking down on the smuggling of automobiles and illegally assembled automobiles will guarantee the lion¡¯s share of the Chinese automobile market to the domestic automobile industry.

Stopping random fees on automobile purchase and use will dispel consumer concerns about the unlimited expenditures related to automobile ownership.

Increasing numbers of laid ¨C off and unemployed and an unsound labor insurance system make people¡¯s sense of security decline. People would rather save their money. Consumption and demand develop slowly in China.

Control of the automobile market results from two factors city governments cannot improve road construction, but must also guarantee the speed off their officials automobiles.

Regulation of automobile exhausts increases the price of automobiles.

Although the price of the domestic automobile is cheaper, technology lags behind foreign automobiles, especially safety.

In bid cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, the number of taxis is reaching saturation point, while small cities, especially in West China, are still hungry. As average income is not very high, the taxi market is mainly dominated by low-grade cars. However, with the improving standards of living, the grade of taxi will also improve.

In the purchasing priorities of most Chinese people, a car comes behind a house. The cost of a house is so exorbitant, most families cannot afford it. Thus, their car purchases are also postponed.

The improvement of secondary car policy will change people¡¯s ideas. Low-income groups may consider buying a second-hand car, and rich people can enjoy limousines if they want.

The local traffic situation plays an important role in the development of the local automobile market. The limits on expressway use of small cars will effect sales of some types of car.

The construction of parking lots cannot be ignored. Sparse parking lots and high charges definitely squeeze the local automobile market.

The amazing high tax on imported cars still exists, which stops the healthy growth of China¡¯s automobile market.

Defying the international regulations, all the imported vehicles in China are charged 10 percent of its price as taxation, and there is no preferential policy for business cars. However, the bulk of the money goes toward traffic management rather than road construction. If charges for traffic management and other extra fees continue unchecked, the development of the automobile industry and transportation will not gain momentum.

If the RMB devalues, the price of import cars will increase. That assists domestic automobiles in occupying the native market, as well as boosting exports.

People still await a coherent and transparent automobile taxation system.

Japan develops its automobile industry by constantly renewing its mini-car market. As a developing country, China is bothered by the overloaded population and poor road conditions. The enlargement of the mini-car market will stimulate the whole automobile market, even the national economy.

State and local governments are still fare from realizing the automobile market boom will bring more opportunities. In developed countries, one seventh of the population earns their living in the automobile sector.

Competition among local automobile manufactures drives down prices. This drives the market, but not decisively.

The quality of local cars improves.

Technology should be improved, but not all technology fits national conditions.

Local manufactures should foster self-help, designing products with parts they can produce by themselve and localizing products from the very beginning.

Production should relate to customer orders. Delivery should never be delayed.

Self-policy and strategy need to be thought out by manufactures.

Advertising plays an important role in improving corporate image. Branding is the key to boosting sales.

Chinese people have the habit of hiding their wealth. In developing countries, owning a car is the ultimate status symbol. Most private cars belong to the rich. Buying a car is an announcement of affluence. Rich people themselves are waiting for the car to become as popular as TV or refrigerator.

Owning a car is especially popular among young men in their 0s and 0s. In a few years, these people will grasp any chance.

Mini and economy cars will one day dominate the automobile market.

Government regulations and competition among taxi drive down fares. Some people prefer a taxi ride to driving their own car.

Chinese people are accustomed to spending time to save money, instead of spending money to save time. As the economy develops, the rhythm of life will speed up. The car will finally replace the bicycle.

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Changes in Ovid's "Metamorpheses"

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Ovid's Metamorpheses is composed of a variety of tales in which the characters undergo diverse changes, both emotionally and physically. In book one, Daphne suddenly wants nothing to do with Apollo as he chases her out of love, and she then turns into an oak tree. Jove is transformed into a mighty bull in book two, and Europa becomes fearless.

"...Apollo...at once...loved And she (Daphne) at once fled from the name of the lover..." (Ovid 17 47-474). This quote depicts Cupid shooting Apollo with a sharp arrow, causing him to fall madly in love with Daphne, as she is hit with a dull arrow which makes her want to flee from him. Their feelings change by the strike of an arrow, an obvious emotional alteration that they undergo in the story. When the chase ends after Daphne pleas to her father river to be saved, "...her hair was leaves, Her arms were branches, and her speedy feet Rooted..." (Ovid 1-1 550-55). After this material transformation, Apollo remains in love with the tree that he claims as his own.

"...the great father...took upon himself the form of a bull..." (Ovid 55 46-51). Followed by this dramatic alteration of Jove, the king's daughter "...Loses all fear...and she grows bolder." (Ovid 55 867-868). Europa, the daughter, touches the muscular bull and then rides off with him, as a new person since becoming more courageous.

The apparent changes taking place in each story are physical as seen when Daphne is left standing as a tree and Jove rides off in the form of a bull. The characters also undergo alterations in their feelings, as Apollo becomes love crazed, Daphne feels scared of Apollo, and Europa loses all fear. These examples reflect Ovid's style in writing this particular story where he has several characters undergo constant modifications.

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Glass Menagerie Paper

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Often times when people have a hard time dealing with reality they resort into a sense of illusion, such as day dreaming. This is seen when evaluating the dominant theme in The Glass Menagerie-the difficulty people have in accepting and relating to reality. As a result of their inability to overcome this difficulty, every major character in Tennessee Williams' play "The Glass Menagerie" withdraw into a private world of illusion and fantasy to find the comfort they can't find in real life.

Out of the major characters in the play Laura is probably the one most detached from reality. There are several symbols in the play that represent this fact. First of all Laura has a glass collection that she carefully takes care of, and in a sense plays with. Given her age, this act is very odd, and not acceptable. Her glass menagerie is an example of the imaginary world she lives in to escape her real life where she has many problems. Laura's real problems include being cripple, not finishing high school, dropping out of her typing class and not telling her mother, and lastly disappointing her mother by not having any "gentlemen callers". Another strong symbol of Laura's obsession with fantasy is the nickname that Jim gave her in high school, "Blue Roses". Blue roses do not exist in nature, and are therefore an illusion. Laura's obsession with this nickname again shows her distance from reality. Everytime Laura tries to step out of her imaginary world and into the real world something trips her up. For example, when Amanda sends Laura to the store and she trips while going down the fire escape that symbolizes a way for the inside world to get into Laura's imaginary life. Lastly, Laura's favorite figurine in her glass menagerie is that of a unicorn, an animal that does not really exist except for in fantasies. Additionally, Laura sees herself as a type of unicorn, something different from the majority. When Jim and Laura dance they knock over the unicorn, causing the horn to break off symbolizing that when Laura gets closer to reality she breaks. After Jim tells her he is engaged, she is no longer getting nearer to reality, but rather is broken hearted and gives him the broken unicorn, symbolic of how he has broken her heart. Laura is fragile, and is safer in her world of fantasy. Tom is similar and at the same time similar to Laura.

At the beginning of the play the reader is given the impression that Tom is the only one in the Wingfield family who is capable of functioning in the real world. Tom interacts with strangers, and has a job out in the real world in order to finance his mother, sister, and himself. However, Tom also withdraws into his illusions to escape from the never-ending arguments and disagreements he has with his mother. Also, Tom is frustrated about his boring and, what he considers, meaningless life. During the play, Tom often times says he spends his late night at the movies. His obsession with movies represents his attempt to escape reality and disappear into a fantasy world. Additionally, Tom's attempt to dodge reality and escape into a illusion is seen when Tom hides out on the fire escape. Tom sees the fire escape as a way out. While Laura overall is content with her imaginary life, Tom isn't and wants out. Tom always makes jokes about his dad, and how he fell in love with long distances. This is his attempt to ease the pain of abandonment by turning it into something humorous. It is clear that what Tom resents most about his father is

exactly what Tom himself will carry out in the end, an escape from the Wingfield's demented world of illusion. Through his father, Tom has seen that an escape is possible, and though he is hesitant to leave his sister and even his mother behind, he is being driven to go through with it.

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Mr. Wingfield, the father of Tom and Laura, and Amanda's husband, is referred to often throughout the story. He is the ultimate symbol of escape from the fantasy world of the Wingfield household, and an illusion of freedom. This is because he has managed to remove himself from the desperate situation that the rest of his family is still living in. His picture still hangs on the wall as a constant reminder of better times and days gone by. Amanda always makes rude remarks about her missing husband, yet lets his picture remain, showing she is stuck in the past. The portrait of Mr. Wingfield still hanging in the house is an example of Amanda, being stuck in the past, and living in a world of illusion. Additionally, Amanda asks Laura everyday how many gentlemen callers she will be expecting that evening, even though she should know that Laura never is expecting any. This repetitive act is another example of Amanda's world of illusion. Furthermore, even after Tom tells her that his co-worker Jim is not coming over to call on Laura, but rather just eat dinner with the Wingfield's Amanda insists that Jim is Laura's first gentlemen caller.

Though each character has their own form of illusions and a fantasy world they all escape due to their inability to deal with the problems that they are confronted with in their real life. Tom, unlike Amanda and Laura, was discontented with his situation and escaped, leaving Amanda and Laura behind in their fantasy world.

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Food for Revolutionary Thought

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Government censorship of certain widely transmitted public opinions has an important role in the history of many countries. What the masses believe, what we trust in and into whose hands we wish to place our own survival; these components are the most important to the mechanics of revolutionary change. My definition of revolutionary will remain broad for these purposes, encompassing everything from civil disobedience and general criticism of authority, all the way up to the gates of the Bastille. The French Revolution especially is a prime example of the evolution of public opinion and the intellectual origins of one of the Western World's most remarkable regime changes.

An interesting work titled The Forbidden Best-Sellers of Pre-Revolutionary France, by Robert Darnton, contains a mountain of theses, most of which are supported by some of the most intriguing research of an illegal trade that I have ever read. One of Darnton's most ambitious conclusions has to do with this role of public opinion, and whether clandestine publications called livres philosophiques could have generated or indeed only reflected certain widespread opinions of the 18th century French population. This warning, which surfaced in the form of a correspondence between a sub-delegate and the authorities, shows the strong belief that forbidden books were being taken seriously by readers "Reading these bad books produces a disturbed spirit among the citizens and provokes them constantly to shake the yoke of submission, of obedience, and of respect" ().

Darnton urges his readers to look past the literature of well-known greats, Voltaire and Rousseau, and to recognize that the more widely read publications were often the less literary libelles and chroniques scandaleuses, which resemble more our modern-day tabloids. His conclusions about these best-sellers seem reasonable considering the arguments against him, which he brings up throughout his work in answer to some of his more confident assertions. For example, he concedes once or twice that it is truly impossible to know what people were really thinking two centuries ago. With this in mind, his arguments take on the form of speculations, which are, nonetheless, convincing because of the holistic approach he consistently takes. He treats the revolution as it should be treated; like a gradual dissention that took centuries to promulgate until it finally burst, a bottle of seltzer aimed directly at the establishment of the weakened monarchy and the self-perpetuating nobles.

The accomplishments of the Enlightenment were substantial. Many of the sources shown in Darnton's analysis are records of the amount of effort invested by the government in the stifling of the underground print industry and the degree to which its subjects were discussed. Even the authorities found it hard to cope with its suppression, like C.-G. de Lamoignon de Malesherbes who refuses to do it completely for these reasons "A man who had read only books that originally appeared with the formal approval of the government," he wrote, "would be behind his contemporaries by nearly a century" (Intro. xix). Police records, overheard conversations in cafes, bookseller records, demands for philosophical books, all point towards the definite importance of clandestine publications and their unheard of popularity. The World History textbooks used for this series this year outline public opinion as a major influence on various steps of the French Revolution. A metaphor is given for the role public opinion played in the decades before, during, and after the fall of the Old Regime "Like the movement of a clock pendulum, the revolution passed through various stages, becoming more extreme and reaching the high tide of radicalism in 17-4, before a revulsion in public opinion led to the return of moderate rule" (506).

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This statement shows that public opinion was not at the whim of anyone, because anyone with enough money for paper could make their ideas known to a broad base of readers, especially within the urban centers. Without a form of mass media, such as television or the printing press, public opinions that are at odds with orthodoxy remain relatively isolated and more easily suppressed; this is why media, specifically the print industry, opened the floodgates of revolutionary thought in 18th century France. Another assertion of Darnton's is that even the worst smut and libel can etch away at orthodox thinking and in some measure perpetuate public opinions.

The scientific crusades of Copernicus, Galileo and Newton provide other excellent examples of shifts in public opinion. Though all three published their work with a select readership in mind, their impact on the basic beliefs of people concerning their surroundings is apparent in the wide spread diffusion of their discoveries and their eventual acceptance as the European status quo. As popular beliefs changed, trials of scientific advancers ceased and the scientific method became an accepted way of thought, applicable in the social, political and philosophical realms. Though a much more subtle and gradual formula, this process is nevertheless dubbed the "Scientific Revolution."

What begins as a general distrust of a government often evolves into the widespread wish for reform. Until a government oversteps certain bounds with its citizens, it will have little or no opposition. But ideological control, the censorship of books being a prime example, often spurs a movement to shake off this oppression and return public opinion to the people. We have seen this pattern not only in pre-revolutionary France, but also in the equally drastic regime change in England not a century earlier, throughout most of Europe with the idea of heresy in the Roman Catholic Church, and in the form of institutionalized censors in Beijing. It is historically rare for dissent to morph into full-scale revolution, but it is equally as rare that governments remain the same far past the point when public opinion is against them.

In England, the targets were the same as for the rest of the Enlightenment absolutism in the monarchy, superstitions in the church and inequalities perpetuated by the aristocracy. The ideological control emanated from the highly powerful and well-landed Church. Members of the clergy were obligated to root out heresy, an abstract notion of disobedience or lack of faith in the Church. This notion carried over into all parts of Europe, making it an effective means of control. A huge difference between England and France at this time was their freedom of press, England had it, and France did not. Publications from Locke, Newton, and Smith had wide readership and their publishers were could not be imprisoned for the perpetuation of this trade, so the oppression of orthodoxy was not as painfully felt because of certain freedoms they were never denied.

This sets the situation in France apart from the censorship in the Chinese bureaucracy as well. Though censors stationed in the capital caused many irrelevant and biased challenges to be placed in the path of innovators, this was not a form of ideological control. Their duties were confined to the inspection of changes in traditionalized practices, which left the more personal aspects of the innovator's beliefs and philosophy out of the picture. What finally distinguishes France and its full-scale revolution from these other historical examples is the overwhelming fiscal deficit of the country and the governments' almost complete inability to support the people. The monarchy and its supporters were as diverse in their interests as the people, and on the eve of the French Revolution, this effectively pulled the country to pieces.

Returning to the Enlightenment in France, this new way of seeing the world, as mechanical, rational, and inherently flawed, was a literal enlightenment in terms of impact on the minds of average citizens. Superstition and blind obedience no longer reigned supreme and laws concerning censorship and heresy were continually ignored. Though censorship of press remained in 18th century France, while neighboring countries enjoyed more freedom, the importance of what was being published caused the laws to be broken diligently and under great demand. In reality, censorship backfired for the Old Regime, and the harsh penalties turned into nothing more than reassurance for the masses that the orthodoxy was truly feeling threatened. With the help of Darnton's speculations, and aided by the patterns of public opinion that are still in effect today, we get a clear illustration of the shift in power that occurs when individuals realize that they are a part of something huge, a movement that has the strength to instigate change all the way up through the highest powers.

Reading through Darnton's research, through the seemingly endless records, pamphlets and correspondences, a vein of unchecked hope is most apparent to me. To a writer living in a country just screaming for reform, it is reassuring to see that the legacy of unorthodox publication and strong political opinion is a long one, full to the brim with tangible results. In a stirring article written by Louis-Sebastien Mercier in his Tableau de Paris, reproduced by Darnton on page 6 of his book, the unfailing reason of the masses is upheld, though we are constantly bombarded by the stiflingly orthodox and the violently profane in media;

"An excessive libelle is revolting…and undercuts itself by its own violence. But if it is more moderate, it sometimes counterbalances an excessive concentration of power; it goes beyond the limits of decency in the same way as the authorities abuse their power. It was often provoked by insolent little despots, and the public perceives the truth between two extremes."

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King lear

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0th Century Critical Readings of King Lear

A. C. Bradley (105)

· About characters and their motivation

· Individual suffers as he comes to terms with his own human character

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& failings

G. Wilson Knight (10)

· Gods torment man for no reason but to cause pain

· Comically absurd cruelty (violence for its own sake)

Cultural materialists

· Concerned with institutions and power (power structures)

· Recognises importance of gender and race relations, but are less

concerned with it

Marxist reading

· Relate covert & overt content to Marxist themes class struggle,

progression of society through stages

· about falling and rising classes

· Relate work to social class status of author (who may be unaware of

what s/he says)

· Talk about literary structures in terms of socio-political order

New Historicism

· We only know the past through the present (compare power relations,

social values between then and now)

· Try to detach text from previous literature (involves parallel reading of

literary & non-literary texts, equally weighting them)

· Individual constrained & affected by social & ideological structures

(rank, class, occupation, education)

· Personal identity is a social construction

· Impact of authors relation to audience & personal beliefs on text

Feminist reading

· Focuses on absence of female voice (patriarchal society) &

subordination to males

· Challenge representation of women in text by male & female authors as

other, lack, or part of nature

· Ironically strong female characters

· Play reinforces prejudices against women (Goneril & Regan embody

fears of society towards women)

· Sympathies in play all towards male characters

· Male anxiety (Lear goes mad when he realises his dependence on his

daughters, admits feminine side with crying in the end - Shakespeare

explores feminine potential in males)

Structuralism

· Relates texts to genre, intertextual connections, underlying narrative

structure

· Interpret literature in terms of underlying parallels with structures of

language

· Treat objects as systems of signs, with systematic patterning &

structuring

· Focus on parallels, balances, repetitions, symmetry, contrasts, patterns

· In order to show textual coherence & unity

· Eg. Binary oppositions and contrasts in Lear

Psychoanalytical reading

· Central importance to conscious and unconscious mind (overt & covert

content), disentangle the two and show covert as true textual meaning

· Pay close attention to unconscious motives of author & characters

· Demonstrate presence of classic psychoanalytical symptoms, conditions

or phases, including emotional & sexual development

· Find a psychic context for a literary work rather than social & historical

approaches

Post-structuralism

· Look for textual disunity, contradiction, paradox

· Make similarities in sounds, roots of words, and less significant

metaphors, crucial to the overall text meaning

· Concentrate on single passages (out of context) and take language into

multiple meanings

· Look for shifts and breaks in tone, tense, viewpoint, time, and attitude;

absences, conflicts and linguistic quirks

Modernism

· Use of montage, stream of consciousness and such fragmentary &

reflexive techniques

· High art / elitist view of culture, focuses on literary medium

Post-modernist

· Usually not purely literary text

· Open use of intertextuality, montage, multiple viewpoints

Joel Nothman

iamhere@jnothman.cjb.net

www.jnothman.cjb.net

www.hscstuff.cjb.net

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My Gunny Sack

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When I die and Saint Peter greets me at the pearly gates, he'll give me a gunny sack in which containing three items that are precious to me. Each item I will tell you of what importance they are to me and why.

When I was around five or six I had this cabbage patch doll that I used to carry around with me everywhere. My Grandparents got it for me when I was two or three, and it meant the world to me. I never went anywhere without it. It was like my best friend, I dragged it around by it's arm and my Grandmother had to sew it about a million times. It meant a lot to me because that doll was always there for me when I needed it to be. I may have been young but that doll is something I will remember.

My Papa had a tape of him and I talking to each other, and there are some parts of the tape where I am singing to him. I must have been only two years old. We used to listen to it all the time and joke and laugh about it. That tape was very special to me because it was something my Papa and I did together when I was a little girl. It reminded me of how much of an influence my Papa's been in my life, and how much I still need him to be there.

My Grandmother on my Dad's side of the family gave me a plastic rose about a year before she passed on. When she gave it to me she told me to hold it by my heart and it will make me smile when I'm down. It helped me get through the time of her death and many other things as well. I felt that it was something that I needed when I was in despair. It was very precious to me even though it was just a plastic rose. That was the last thing my Grandmother gave to me before her death, it was my reminder that she'll always be there watching over me.

Custom Essays on My Gunny Sack

When I do get those items back I will be very happy and filled with relief. They all meant a great deal to me, and always will. Those three items by far are definitely my three choices. That may sound funny, but it's my gunny sack and those are the items I would choose to have back.

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Catherine and Isabella

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In Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte, Isabella Linton serves as Catherine's foil. A foil is someone that by contrast underscores or enhances the distinctive characteristics of another. Isabella and Catherine's similar positions permit the reader to see their differences clearly. Bronte portrays Catherine as a passionate woman, unlike Isabella who is portrayed as a romanticist.

Catherine, who lived at Wuthering Heights most of her life had a dominating influence on the way the novel went. During her youth Catherine had happy childhood memories of living there. While she was growing up her father was always extremely conscious of her education, and allowed her to be around people she could talk to and confide in, like Nelly the maid. As she grew up she began to fall in love with Heathcliff, the orphan Mr. Earnshaw brought home from Liverpool. However, after Mr. Earnshaw died Catherine and Heathcliff's relationship change. Catherine began to visit Thrushcross Grange, where she met Edgar Linton her future husband. Edgar would also come to The Heights to visit Catherine. In the following passage Nelly explains how Catherine has become cruel, spoiled and sometimes conceited.

" Edgar Linton's visits to Miss Cathy might be an exception. At fifteen she was the queen of the country-side; she had no peer; and she did turn out a haughty, headstrong creature! I own did not like her, after her infancy was past; and I vexed her frequently by trying to bring down her arrogance she never took an aversion to me, though." ( page 5)

Catherine tells Heathcliff that he is not good enough and not civilized enough for her to marry him. To make Heathcliff even more desperate Catherine decides she will get married to Edgar instead of him.

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However, later in the novel she says," My love for Linton is like the foliage in the woods; time will change it, I'm well aware, as winter changes the trees. My love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath a source of little visible delight, but necessary. Nelly, I am Heathcliff! He's always, always in my mind not as a pleasure, any more than I am always a pleasure to myself, but as my own being." (page 74).

This passage shows how she is torn between her infatuation for Heathcliff and her social desire for Edgar. Since Catherine chose to marry Edgar, she has paved the fate for everyone else around her.

Isabella Linton, who lived at Thrushcross Grange, was Catherine's foil throughout the novel. Once Edgar and Catherine were married Isabella began to fall in love with Heathcliff. She

says, " I love him more than ever you loved Edgar; and he might love me, if you would let him!" (page ). However, Heathcliff does not love Isabella, he just thinks that if he marries her it might bring Catherine back into his arms, but it does not. Due to Isabella's choice in marriage, Edgar becomes enraged and disowns her. This is where Isabella's feelings for Wuthering Heights contrast heavily from Catherine's. Isabella only saw pain and misery and experienced violence while she lived there. Also, when she arrived at the Heights she had no one to talk to like Catherine did, because there was no housekeeper or maid. That was why Isabella chose to write to Nelly. She asked, " Is Mr. Heathcliff a man? If so, is he mad? And if not, is he a devil?" (page 15) Then she proceeded to say, " I do hate him- I am wretched I have been a fool!" (page 1). At this point she realizes how much she regrets marrying Heathcliff, because he only treats her in very violent and cruel ways. Due to this, she decides to leave and moves to London.

Through all the differences that Catherine and Isabella have, there are also some similarities. Both women grew to love Heathcliff at one point during to novel, and they both experienced Heathcliff before he started his revenge to Edgar. After Catherine and Isabella get married their lives become nothing but turmoil. Catherine becomes deathly ill because Edgar makes her choose between Heathcliff or himself. From that point forward Catherine's health goes downhill until she has a baby girl, and dies two hours later. Isabella decides to run away from Wuthering Heights to London after Hindley tries to kill Heathcliff. In London Isabella

gives birth to a son named Linton. For twelve years Isabella keeps in touch with Nelly until she dies. Even though each woman's lives contrasted greatly, they experienced a lot of the same things. They both died of shattered hearts and never really got what they truly wanted. All Catherine and Isabella wanted was to love and be loved by someone else. However, because of Catherine's actions in the beginning that wish never came true. Even Nelly says earlier in the book, " But they are very much alike they are spoiled children, and fancy the world was made for their accommodation; and though I humor both, I think a smart chastisement might improve them, all the same." (page 8).

Catherine and Isabella's dominating presence gave the novel a much more in depth meaning, and allowed the reader to see their similar positions clearly. However, as a result of all the differences the reader was allowed to see the similarities better.

Please note that this sample paper on Catherine and Isabella is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Catherine and Isabella, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on Catherine and Isabella will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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